Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam. Hajj is a complementary act of worship to the pillars of Islam for Muslims who can afford it based on the following hadith:
بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْسٍ شَهَادَةِ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ وَالْحَجِ وَصَوْمِ رَمَضَانَ.
Islam is built on five foundations: bearing witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, establishing prayer, paying Zakat, Hajj and fasting Ramadan.’ (HR. Bukhari)
In the performing of Hajj itself, sometimes we also perform Umrah, which is an act of worship that can be part of the series of Hajj itself. The closeness of Umrah to Hajj itself is showed by the mention of the two acts of worship sequentially in Surah Al-Baqarah verse 196 as follows:
وَأَتِمُّوا الْحَجَّ وَالْعُمْرَةَ لِلَّهِ ۚ
And complete the Hajj and ‘Umrah for the sake of Allah.
In this article we will discuss the 3 manasiks of Hajj that are allowed in Shariah based on the Umrah performed during the Hajj.
The Dalil for The 3 Manasiks of Hajj:
The dalil for the 3 rites of Hajj based on performing the Umrah is the following hadith:
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { خَرَجْنَا مَعَ اَلنَّبِيِّ ( عَامَ حَجَّةِ ﺪوَدَاعِ, فَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ, وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِحَجٍّ وَعُمْرَةٍ, وَمِنَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِحَجٍّ, وَأَهَلَّ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ( بِالْحَجِّ, فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ فَحَلَّ, وَأَمَّا مَنْ أَهَلَّ بِعُمْرَةٍ فََلَمْ يَحِلُّوا حَتَّى كَانَ يَوْمَ اَلنَّحْرِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْرَةَ فََلَمْ يَحِلُّوا حَتَّحْرِ }
‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: We went out with the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) in the year of the Farewell Hajj. Some of us entered ihram for ‘Umrah, some entered ihram for Hajj and ’Umrah, and some entered ihram for Hajj only. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) entered ihram for Hajj. The one who entered ihram for ‘Umrah may exit ihram after that. If a person enters ihraam for Hajj or combines Hajj and ‘Umrah, then he does not exit ihraam except on the day of Nahr (Eid al-Adha, the 10th of Dhu’l-Hijjah).’ (Muttafaqun ‘alaih) [HR: Bukhari, no. 1562 and Muslim, no. 1211, 118].
So from the above hadeeth we can conclude that there are 3 types of Hajj manasiks, some people enter ihram for Umrah first and then Hajj, some people combine ihram for Hajj and Umrah, and some people specialise in manasiks for Hajj.
3 Types of Manasiks Hajj:
Based on the above hadith, there are 3 types of Hajj manasiks based on the implementation of Umrah in the series of Hajj:
Tamattu‘
Tamattu’ is performing Umrah during the month of Hajj, then performing Hajj in the same year. After completing Umrah, pilgrims leave ihram and live normally until the time of Hajj arrives. Then they enter ihram again for Hajj. This is the manasik most favoured by the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).
Qiran
Qiran is entering ihram for Umrah and Hajj at the same time. In this manasik, pilgrims do not leave ihram after performing Umrah. They remain in ihram until they are finished with Hajj. This is the manasik that the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) performed during the Farewell Hajj.
Ifrad
Ifrad is entering ihram only for Hajj. In this manasik, pilgrims do not perform Umrah. They directly perform Hajj. This manasik can be done by pilgrims who live in Makkah or have been in Makkah before the month of Hajj.
These 3 manasiks themselves have been agreed upon as permissible based on the opinions of the scholars of the four madhhabs. So there is no one madhhab that only adheres to two manasiks or only one manasik. On the other hand, there are also no scholars of the four madhhabs who add additional manasiks beyond these three manasiks.
Hajj is an act of worship that has a specific sequence in its implementation. The Shari’ah governs the Hajj itself from departure to return to our country. Among the things that are regulated by sharee’ah in the matter of Hajj is the inclusion of Umrah in the series of Hajj and how to perform the manasiks.
May Allah ﷻ, may He be exalted, call us to perform this great pillar of Islam in His holy land, and may He make the Hajj of those of us who have performed it a Mabrur Hajj that will have an impact on our lives here and in the Hereafter.
References
- المبحث الأوَّل: أحكامُ الأَنساكِ الثَّلاثة. (n.d.). Dorar.net. Retrieved May 10, 2024, from https://dorar.net/feqhia/2939/
- Surat Al-Baqarah Ayat 196. (n.d.). Tafsir AlQuran Online. https://tafsirq.com/2-al-baqarah/ayat-196#google_vignette
- https://rumaysho.com/36915-tiga-jenis-haji-qiran-tamattu-dan-ifrad-manakah-yang-dilakukan-nabi.html
- Muslim, D. (2023, November 14). Hadits Tentang Rukun Islam (Teks Arab dan Artinya). Daily Muslim. https://dailymuslim.id/insight/hadits/hadits-tentang-rukun-islam-teks-arab-dan-artinya/
